Otto Frank later described what it was like when the Nazis entered the annex in which he had been hiding. Their father, Otto, survived the war after Soviet forces liberated Auschwitz on January 27, 1945. Anne and her sister Margot both died of typhus at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in February or March 1945. They were soon sent to the Westerbork transit camp and then to concentration camps.Īnne's mother Edith Frank died in Auschwitz in January 1945. A German official and two Dutch police collaborators arrested the Franks the same day. The Franks and the four others hiding with them were discovered by the German SS and police on August 4, 1944. Her last entry was written on August 1, 1944. On August 4, 1944, Anne, her family, and the others in hiding were arrested by German and Dutch police officials. In the meantime, I must uphold my ideals, for perhaps the time will come when I shall be able to carry them out. I simply can't build up my hopes on a foundation consisting of confusion, misery and death, I see the world gradually being turned into a wilderness, I hear the ever approaching thunder, which will destroy us too, I can feel the sufferings of millions and yet, if I look up into the heavens, I think that it will all come right, that this cruelty too will end, and that peace and tranquility will return again. In one of her last diary entries, dated July 15, 1944, Anne wrote: They were certain the war would soon be over. On the first page she wrote about herself: "The owner's maxim: Zest is what man needs!" A few months later, she and the other inhabitants of the annex celebrated the Allied invasion of France, which took place on June 6, 1944. On April 17, 1944, Anne began writing in what turned out to be her final diary notebook. Although I tell you a lot, still, even so, you only know very little of our lives. But, seriously, it would be quite funny 10 years after the war if we Jews were to tell how we lived and what we ate and talked about here. Just imagine how interesting it would be if I were to publish a romance of the "Secret Annex." The title alone would be enough to make people think it was a detective story. Prompted by this announcement, Anne began to edit her diary, hoping to publish it after the war under the title "The Secret Annex." From May 20 until her arrest on August 4, 1944, she transferred nearly two-thirds of her diary from her original notebooks to loose pages, making various revisions in the process. On March 28, 1944, a radio broadcast from the Dutch government-in-exile in London urged the Dutch people to keep diaries, letters, and other items that would document life under German occupation. Increasingly, she expressed her desire to be an author or journalist. She gave it the title "Stories and Events from the Annex." Occasionally she read a story to the inhabitants of the annex, and she wrote about her intention to send one of her fairy tales to a Dutch magazine. On September 2, 1943, she began to meticulously copy them into a notebook and added a table of contents so that it would resemble a published book. In her diary, she reflected on her "pen children," as she called her writings. Īnne also wrote short stories, fairy tales, and essays. The fact that we can never go outside bothers me more than I can say, and then I'm really afraid that we'll be discovered and shot, not a very nice prospect, needless to say. Rather a mad way of looking at being in hiding perhaps but that is how it strikes me. I don't think I shall ever feel really at home in this house but that does not mean that I loathe it here, it is more like being on vacation in a very peculiar boardinghouse. I expect you will be interested to hear what it feels like to hide well, all I can say is that I don't know myself yet. I hope I shall be able to confide in you completely, as I have never been able to do in anyone before, and I hope that you will be a great support and comfort to me. She received her first diary on her 13th birthday, June 12, 1942. While in hiding, Anne kept a diary in which she recorded her fears, hopes, and experiences. They huddled into a secret attic apartment behind the office of the family-owned business at 263 Prinsengracht Street, which would eventually hide four Dutch Jews as well. I n July 1942, Anne, her sister, Margot, her mother, Edith, and her father went into hiding. The Germans occupied Amsterdam in May 1940, and two years later German authorities with help from their Dutch collaborators began rounding up Jews and ultimately deported them to killing centers. Anne Frank and her family fled Germany after the Nazis seized power in 1933 and resettled in the Netherlands, where her father, Otto, had business connections.
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